Is Baja California in Mexico or USA?
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So, is Baja California part of the USA?
No, Baja California is part of Mexico. Baja California Peninsula extends approximately 760 miles (about 1,220 kilometers) from the U.S.-Mexico border to Cabo San Lucas at the southern tip of the peninsula. It covers a vast area of over 55,000 square miles and is home to 3.8 million people.
More commonly known as “Baja,” it’s a popular destination for camping, hiking, surfing and other recreational activities because of its spectacular scenery and incredible marine wildlife. It’s a remote place with long distances, which attracts many RV’ers and campers who drive to Baja California from the United States to enjoy this outdoor paradise.
Even though Baja has become one of the most popular destinations in Mexico among American tourists, there’s still some confusion about whether it belongs to the United States or Mexico.
Let’s take a quick look at the Baja history and see how it became a Mexican territory.
Where is Baja California?
Baja California in a skinny peninsula in northwestern part of Mexico that extends southward from the United States-Mexico border. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortez) to the east.
Is Baja California in Mexico or USA?
Baja California is in Mexico. While there might be some confusion because it shares the border with the state of California in the United States, Baja California Peninsula is located in northwestern part of Mexico.
Is Baja California in Mexico or USA map
Why do they call it Baja California?
The name comes from the Spanish novel “The Adventures of Esplandián,” which talked about a mythical island by the name of California ruled by a tribe of Amazon-like women headed by the Queen Calafia.
What does Baja mean in Spanish?
Baja means lower in Spanish. The full name originated as the Spanish conquistadors referred to California as Alta California (upper California), which is in today’s state of California in the United States), and Baja California, a peninsula in Mexico.
So why is it called Baja California?
When Spanish conquistadors first arrived, they believed that Baja California was an island and not a peninsula. Later expeditions found that California was a peninsula, but the name “California” stuck around as it referred to the territory which included the entire peninsula and other places in the region up to Oregon.
Catholic missionaries, who arrived to spread Christinaity later, called the the peninsula “Baja California,” (or lower California), while what’s known today as the State of California in the U.S. was called “Alta California” (upper California).
Check: Best places to live in Baja California
What is Baja California known for?
Baja California is a slender peninsula known for its stunning wildlife, diverse landscapes, and countless outdoor opportunities. It also boasts delicious seafood, particularly fish tacos and ceviche, which you can enjoy in coastal parts of the peninsula.
The History of Baja California
Before the arrival of Spanish conquistadors, Baja California was populated by the indigenous people including the Cochimí, Kumeyaay (also known as the Diegueño), and the Guaycura.
The Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés was the first European to explore the Baja California peninsula in the early 16th century. But serious attempts to colonize the region didn’t occur until the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1697, Jesuits established Mission San Bruno, the first permanent mission in Baja California.
➡️ Check: How to spend a day in Ensenada
Missions in Baja California
Throughout the 18th century, Spanish missionaries, primarily Jesuits and later Franciscans, established a series of missions along the peninsula. Their purpose was to convert the indigenous population of Baja California to Christianity and integrate them into Spanish colonial society. The mission system had a significant impact on the culture, economy, and demographics of Baja California.
Baja California under Mexico’s rule
Baja California remained under Spanish control until Mexico gained independence in 1821. After independence, Baja California became part of the Mexican state of Alta California. The region experienced political instability and was frequently contested by various factions during Mexico’s early years as an independent nation.
✅ Check: Best things to do in Guerrero Negro, Baja California
The Mexican-American War of 1846-1848
Baja California briefly gained international attention during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and the California Gold Rush (1848-1855). American military expeditions occupied the peninsula during the war, and some prospectors passed through Baja California on their way to the goldfields of northern California.
Alta California became a U.S. territory as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of, which was signed to end the Mexican-Spanish War.
Baja California in the 20th century
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Baja California experienced increased economic development. The completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1910 connected Baja California to the rest of Mexico, and helped to grow its economy.
The Mexican revolution
The Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) had profound effects on Baja California. Rebel factions, including followers of Francisco Madero and Emiliano Zapata, fought for control of the region. In 1911, the “Mexican Liberal Party” under Ricardo Flores Magón staged an uprising in Baja California, known as the “Magonista Revolt,” in an attempt to establish a socialist government. But they were ultimately defeated by Mexican federal forces.
The development of tourism in Baja California
Throughout the 20th century, Baja California tourism became a big industry in Baja California, especially in cities like Tijuana and Ensenada. The region also saw increased industrialization, particularly with the establishment of the maquiladora industry (manufacturing assembly plants) along the U.S.-Mexico border.
Why is Baja California two states?
Baja California is split into two states because historical, geographical, and administrative reasons. After Mexico gained independence from Spain, its populations grew, and the territory was divided in 2 states for better governance and representation.
Is Baja California the same as Baja California Sur?
No, Baja California Sur and Baja California (also known as Baja California Norte) are two different states. While they are both part of the Baja California Peninsula, these two states offer a different experience.
Baja California Norte is defined by its proximity to the United States, and is known as a popular destination for medical tourism, as well as short-term tourism with many travelers coming here for quick getaways. Baja California Sur has a more established tourism industry thanks to places like Cabo San Lucas, Todos Santos and La Paz, which attract thousands of tourists from all over the world.
✅ Check: How to visit La Bufadora
Baja California vs Baja California Sur: key differences
Baja California
✅ Wine Route
Wine connoisseurs, rejoice! Tijuana is a gatway to Baja’a wine country, with numerous vineyards and wineries scattered throughout the picturesque Valle de Guadalupe. Savor the exquisite wines, learn about the winemaking process, and immerse yourself in the beautiful scenery.
✅ Desert
Baja California’s desert landscapes are a sight to behold. The region’s diverse flora and fauna make it a must-visit for nature lovers, hikers, and photographers alike.
You can explore the unique desert terrain and get up close and personal with its stunning wildlife in places like Guerrero Negro, San Ignacio and Bahia de Los Angeles, which are known to be among the best places for whale watching in Baja California.
✅ Valleys
Picture-perfect valleys are a hallmark of Baja California. These captivating landscapes provide a stunning backdrop for various activities, such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching. One of the most famous valleys in the region is the Valle de los Gigantes, home to towering cordon cacti.
Baja California Sur
✅ Luxury Resorts
The region is home to upscale resorts, spas, and golf courses that cater to luxury travelers seeking relaxation and indulgence. The corridor between Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo, known as the “Golden Zone,” features world-class accommodations, dining, and entertainment options.
✅ Water Sports
Baja California Sur’s crystal-clear waters and gorgeous beaches are a dream come true for water sports enthusiasts. For instance, Bahia Concepcion is home to some of the best beaches in Mexico. Dive into activities such as snorkeling, scuba diving, surfing, and kayaking in various locations, including La Paz, Los Cabos, and Todos Santos.
✅ Gastronomy
Calling all foodies! Baja California Sur’s culinary scene is a delightful fusion of Mexican and Mediterranean flavors, focusing on seafood and regional ingredients. Indulge in the mouthwatering cuisine and discover why this state is a gastronomic paradise.
Baja California and Baja California Sur both experience a predominantly dry climate, characterized by warm temperatures and low humidity. Their nature and ecosystems are also similar, with vast desert landscapes, unique flora and fauna, and stunning coastal regions.
Why is Baja California not part of the US?
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War, established the boundary between Mexico and the United States, placing Baja California (both Baja California and Baja California Sur) within Mexican territory.
Baja California has remained part of Mexico, with its own cultural and historical identity.
During the 19th century, there were several disputes between Mexico and the United States, including the Mexican-American War (1846-1848).
Do you need a passport for Baja California?
Yes, you need a valid passport to go to Baja California.
Here’s a quick look at the documents you will need for your Baja travel:
📍Valid passport (or passport card)
📍Valid driver’s license
📍Mexican car insurance
📍Car registration
📍Car title (or documents from your lender)
📍FMM (Forma Migratoria Múltiple) that can be obtained at the border or online
Why do people go to Baja California?
Baja California offers some of the most spectacular landscapes in Mexico comprised of unspoiled beaches, mountains, sand dunes and deserts. It’s a perfect place to enjoy the outdoors, see the whales and get off the beaten track.
Best things to do in Baja California
Explore Tijuana
Tijuana, the largest city in Baja California, offers vibrant cultural experiences, delicious cuisine, and bustling markets. Visit Avenida Revolución for shopping, dining, and nightlife, and don’t miss the Tijuana Cultural Center (CECUT) for art exhibitions and performances.
Wine tasting in Valle de Guadalupe
Baja California’s wine country in Valle de Guadalupe, offers scenic vineyards and excellent wineries. Spend a day touring wineries, tasting local wines, and enjoying farm-to-table cuisine at gourmet restaurants.
Whale watching
Baja California is one of the best places in the world for whale watching. Visit between December and April to see gray whales migrating along the coast, with prime viewing spots including Guerrero Negro and San Ignacio Lagoon. Ensenda is one of the most popular spots for whale watching in Baja California only 1,5 hours from the U.S.-Mexico border.
Surfing in Rosarito and Ensenada
The coastal towns of Rosarito and Ensenada offer fantastic surfing opportunities. Whether you’re a beginner or experienced surfer, you’ll find waves suitable for all levels. Rosarito’s beaches like Baja Malibu and Ensenada’s spots like San Miguel are popular among surfers.
Visit La Bufadora
Located near Ensenada, La Bufadora is the largest geyser in North America, created by ocean waves crashing against an underwater cave. Here you can witness the impressive natural phenomenon and explore the nearby markets selling local handicrafts and seafood.
Camping in Bahia de Los Angeles
Camping in Bahia de Los Angeles is a one-of-akind experience as you will get to experience the clear dark skies at night and go on wildlfie watching tours during the day.
Kayaking in Loreto
The tranquil waters of Loreto Bay National Marine Park provide an excellent opportunity for kayaking. Paddle through crystal-clear waters, explore secluded coves, and encounter diverse marine life such as dolphins, sea lions, and colorful fish.
Hiking in Sierra de San Pedro Mártir National Park
Escape to nature in Sierra de San Pedro Mártir National Park, home to Baja California’s tallest peak, Picacho del Diablo. Enjoy hiking trails through pine forests, stunning mountain scenery, and camping under the stars.
Relaxing on the Beaches of Los Cabos
Los Cabos, located at the southern tip of Baja California Sur, boasts beautiful beaches with turquoise waters and golden sand. Relax on Medano Beach, go snorkeling at Santa Maria Bay, or take a sunset cruise along the coastline.
Is Baja California in USA: FAQ
What is Baja California like?
Baja California is rugged stretch of land that’s home to many diverse ecosystems including deserts, mountains, jungles and hundreds of miles of spectacular beaches along the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Cortez.
Does it snow in Baja California?
You can see snow in Baja California in places like Sierra de San Pedro Mártir National Park, and Sierre Juarez, a mountain range near Tecate. These places experience snowfall from December through late March.
Do I need a visa for Baja California?
If you are traveling to Baja California from the United States and Canada or Western Europe, you don’t need a visa. Click here to check Mexico visa requirements for your country. iVisa is a website that can help you to arrange a visa to Mexico.
Will my phone work in Baja California?
Whether your phone will work in Baja California, or not, depends on your carrier. I recommend Airalo, an eSIM card for your trip to Mexico, which can be managed through the app to top up your account at any time.
Why is Baja California not part of us?
Baja California is not part of the United States because the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the Mexican-American War, allowed Baja California to remian part of Mexico and gave Alta California to the United States.
What language is spoken in Baja California?
Spanish is the official language of Baja California, but many people also speak English in this part of Mexico, especially in popular destinations like Cabo San Lucas and Todos Santos, as well as in places along the U.S.-Mexico border.
Is Tijuana and Baja California the same?
Tijuana is the largest city in Baja California, but it’s very different from the rest of the state. Tijuana is chracerized by its proximity to the United States, and is home to the busiest border crossing in the world, which sees millions of people every year.
Do I need a car in Baja California?
You need a rental car to see the best of Baja California, as most places aren’t accessible by public transportation. I recommend DiscoverCars for car rentals in Baja and other parts of Mexico.
Click here to check prices on car rentals in popular detsinations in Baja.
Is Baja California safe?
Baja California is mostly safe, but it has seen more crime in recent years, particularly in northern part of the peninsula along the U.S. Mexico border. Always follow basic safety precautions when traveling in Baja.
Do I need a travel insurance in Baja California?
Personal travel insurance in not required in Baja, but it’s a good idea to get one ahead of your trip. Travel Insurance Master will cover you in case of hospital visits, missed flights, lost or stolen belongings and other accidents that could happen on the road.
Do I need a car insurance in Baja?
A Mexico car insurance is required for ALL vehicles entering the country. Note that your US insurance will not be valid in Mexico. Baja Bound Mexican Insurance is a popular website to find insurance for your car, RV, boat, motorcycles and other types of transportation.
